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From Pole to Pole
Antarctica and the Arctic region are the most southern and northern areas on Earth. These extremely cold areas have been the destinations for many scientific explorations.
Antarctica is the coldest of the seven continents. Masses of ice and snow, cover most of Antarctica's land. There is no sunlight at all for months at a time in Antarctica. 26. __________ In the winter, temperatures drop below -40°F on the coast and to about -100°F inland.
It is probably not surprising that there are no cities or towns in Antarctica. 27. __________ Since Antarctica was discovered in 1820, many teams of scientists and explorers have braved its cold to learn about this very interesting piece of land.
Although there is little plant life in Antarctica, the seacoast does have a variety of animal life. Whales, seals, penguins, petrels, and fish are among the animals that live in and near Antarctica's coastal waters. 28. __________
On the opposite end of Earth is the North Pole. 29. __________ It is called the Arctic. It includes the Arctic Ocean and thousands of islands. The northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America are also part of this region.
30. __________ It is plagued not only by cold, but also by wind, a lack of water, and the long, dark winters. Even if plants could survive the cold, they could not grow roots deep enough to enable them to grow very large because of the permanently frozen layer of soil. However, because it is warmer than Antarctica, the Arctic is home to such animals as reindeer, caribou, and bears.

A. All of these animals depend on the sea for food and shelter.
B. This is also a very cold region.
C. This keeps the continent very cold.
D. However, the warm season here lasts for 3 months.
E. In fact, no people live there permanently.
F. As in Antarctica, little plant life can survive in the Arctic.
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