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Real Policemen and Policemen on TVReal policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the policemen don't think much of them.The first difference lies in that a policeman's real life centers around the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting to pretty girls or in dramatic confrontations（对峙）with desperate criminals.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, minor crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he' s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective（侦探）really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and, to do that, he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. So, as well as being overworked ,a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own interests, to help him.15.What is the main idea of the passage?
Cause and Effect①In our daily conversation, questions with why? are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common； it is something we are familiar with.②Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must have be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details.③There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect.④The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. For example, the topic sentence is： "In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. "This is an effect. It should be followed by a discussion of the causes of this effect, such as the pressure of fierce competition, better opportunities in the job market, much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being outdated, and so forth.⑤The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects. Suppose the topic sentence is: M More and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings. "In the rest of the paragraph the effects of this development should be mentioned, such as the reduction of the grain output, increasing environmental problems, too many peasants moving into the cities, etc.16.Paragraph ①：
Cause and Effect①In our daily conversation, questions with why? are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common； it is something we are familiar with.②Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must have be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details.③There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect.④The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. For example, the topic sentence is： "In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. "This is an effect. It should be followed by a discussion of the causes of this effect, such as the pressure of fierce competition, better opportunities in the job market, much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being outdated, and so forth.⑤The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects. Suppose the topic sentence is: M More and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings. "In the rest of the paragraph the effects of this development should be mentioned, such as the reduction of the grain output, increasing environmental problems, too many peasants moving into the cities, etc.17.Paragraph ②：
Cause and Effect①In our daily conversation, questions with why? are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common； it is something we are familiar with.②Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must have be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details.③There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect.④The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. For example, the topic sentence is： "In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. "This is an effect. It should be followed by a discussion of the causes of this effect, such as the pressure of fierce competition, better opportunities in the job market, much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being outdated, and so forth.⑤The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects. Suppose the topic sentence is: M More and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings. "In the rest of the paragraph the effects of this development should be mentioned, such as the reduction of the grain output, increasing environmental problems, too many peasants moving into the cities, etc.18.Paragraph ③:
Cause and Effect①In our daily conversation, questions with why? are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common； it is something we are familiar with.②Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must have be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details.③There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect.④The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. For example, the topic sentence is： "In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. "This is an effect. It should be followed by a discussion of the causes of this effect, such as the pressure of fierce competition, better opportunities in the job market, much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being outdated, and so forth.⑤The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects. Suppose the topic sentence is: M More and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings. "In the rest of the paragraph the effects of this development should be mentioned, such as the reduction of the grain output, increasing environmental problems, too many peasants moving into the cities, etc.19.Paragraph ④：
Cause and Effect①In our daily conversation, questions with why? are often asked and answered. This shows that causal analysis is very common； it is something we are familiar with.②Sound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. But it is not always easy to explain causes and effects clearly and logically. One reason for this is that an effect may have many causes and a cause may have many effects. So we must have be thorough in our discussion and careful in our selection of details.③There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect.④The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. For example, the topic sentence is： "In the past few years, higher education has become less important to young people than it was previously. "This is an effect. It should be followed by a discussion of the causes of this effect, such as the pressure of fierce competition, better opportunities in the job market, much of the knowledge taught in universities and colleges being outdated, and so forth.⑤The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects. Suppose the topic sentence is: M More and more fertile land in China is taken up by new buildings. "In the rest of the paragraph the effects of this development should be mentioned, such as the reduction of the grain output, increasing environmental problems, too many peasants moving into the cities, etc.20.Paragraph ⑤:
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