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Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
Fight against Over-packagingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important, of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that 【over-consumption】 in the greenest way possible, but it would he far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household ' s waste in the UK. In many supennarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The IK, for example, is running out of it for carry ing this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how many unnecessary things are being collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.1.Paragraph ①:
Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.2.Paragraph ②:
Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.3.Paragraph ③:
Mixed Ability Teaching①We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.②We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils. It docs not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!③Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.④In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups ; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.⑤Sometimes the pupils work in pairs ; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments ,and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work ; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.4.Paragraph ④:
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