Passage FourPittsburgh Arlington, an elementary school in the state of Pennsylvania, is battling chronic absence from school with a community-centered approach that combines care, connection, and practical support.Over half of the school’s 353 students frequently miss classes. Many of these students face barriers like a lack of transportation, which the school district does not provide for those living less than a mile and a half away.To tackle this issue, the school worked with the Brashear Association, a local nonprofit, to launch the Nanas (保姆) program. This initiative provides a personal touch, where nanas make cheerful morning wakeup calls to families, often ending the conversation with a heartfelt “I love you.” In addition, the program offers free bus rides to and from school, ensuring that children who might otherwise miss school can attend regularly.The program currently serves 36 children daily, but demand is high, with about 20 students still on the waitlist. Principal Crystal Caldwell wishes there were more resources to expand the service. Meanwhile, the school is also working on other solutions, like paying staff to walk students home and working together with a nearby church to offer before-after-school care.These efforts are part of a broader initiative aiming at making school a friendly and desirable place for students.Thisincludes working with local arts organizations to create interesting programs and offering regular motivational talks to encourage attendance (出勤). These combined efforts reflect a deep understanding that the causes are complex and varied, requiring the entire community’s involvement to address them effectively.Tiffini Gorman, director of partnerships at the nonprofit A+ Schools, emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility in ensuring that every child has the support they need to succeed. The school’s approach highlights the significance of community involvement in creating a positive and supportive environment for students.What measure does the nanas program take to help students come to school?

Passage FourPittsburgh Arlington, an elementary school in the state of Pennsylvania, is battling chronic absence from school with a community-centered approach that combines care, connection, and practical support.Over half of the school’s 353 students frequently miss classes. Many of these students face barriers like a lack of transportation, which the school district does not provide for those living less than a mile and a half away.To tackle this issue, the school worked with the Brashear Association, a local nonprofit, to launch the Nanas (保姆) program. This initiative provides a personal touch, where nanas make cheerful morning wakeup calls to families, often ending the conversation with a heartfelt “I love you.” In addition, the program offers free bus rides to and from school, ensuring that children who might otherwise miss school can attend regularly.The program currently serves 36 children daily, but demand is high, with about 20 students still on the waitlist. Principal Crystal Caldwell wishes there were more resources to expand the service. Meanwhile, the school is also working on other solutions, like paying staff to walk students home and working together with a nearby church to offer before-after-school care.These efforts are part of a broader initiative aiming at making school a friendly and desirable place for students.Thisincludes working with local arts organizations to create interesting programs and offering regular motivational talks to encourage attendance (出勤). These combined efforts reflect a deep understanding that the causes are complex and varied, requiring the entire community’s involvement to address them effectively.Tiffini Gorman, director of partnerships at the nonprofit A+ Schools, emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility in ensuring that every child has the support they need to succeed. The school’s approach highlights the significance of community involvement in creating a positive and supportive environment for students.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

Passage FourPittsburgh Arlington, an elementary school in the state of Pennsylvania, is battling chronic absence from school with a community-centered approach that combines care, connection, and practical support.Over half of the school’s 353 students frequently miss classes. Many of these students face barriers like a lack of transportation, which the school district does not provide for those living less than a mile and a half away.To tackle this issue, the school worked with the Brashear Association, a local nonprofit, to launch the Nanas (保姆) program. This initiative provides a personal touch, where nanas make cheerful morning wakeup calls to families, often ending the conversation with a heartfelt “I love you.” In addition, the program offers free bus rides to and from school, ensuring that children who might otherwise miss school can attend regularly.The program currently serves 36 children daily, but demand is high, with about 20 students still on the waitlist. Principal Crystal Caldwell wishes there were more resources to expand the service. Meanwhile, the school is also working on other solutions, like paying staff to walk students home and working together with a nearby church to offer before-after-school care.These efforts are part of a broader initiative aiming at making school a friendly and desirable place for students.Thisincludes working with local arts organizations to create interesting programs and offering regular motivational talks to encourage attendance (出勤). These combined efforts reflect a deep understanding that the causes are complex and varied, requiring the entire community’s involvement to address them effectively.Tiffini Gorman, director of partnerships at the nonprofit A+ Schools, emphasizes the importance of collective responsibility in ensuring that every child has the support they need to succeed. The school’s approach highlights the significance of community involvement in creating a positive and supportive environment for students.What would be the best title for this passage?

Passage FiveCounting butterflies can reduce anxiety and boost a sense of connection with nature, a study has found. Researchers surveyed participants in the Big Butterfly Count in 2022, in which wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation encouraged people to spend 15 minutes outside counting butterflies to help scientists track how the insects were faring. Surveys completed by 382 people before and after the three-week count period revealed a 9 per cent reduction in anxiety among participants, and a greater sense of connection with nature, as well as noticing butterflies and nature more.Further surveys completed by 345 people, which were sent five weeks after the count, did not find nature connectedness and reduced anxiety had been maintained. But they revealed an increase in general wellbeing compared with before the project. The research, published in the journal *Biological Conservation*, was carried out by Butterfly Conservation and the University of Derby.The surveys revealed people had a range of positive and negative emotions associated with taking part, ranging from joy and fascination to sadness and concern about declining insects. Richard Fox, head of science at Butterfly Conservation, said, “This study is the first to prove that the simple act of looking for and counting butterflies leads to a decrease in anxiety. The results suggest that citizen science projects can play a part in improving people’s mental health, as well as gathering important data on how butterflies are faring to inform our conservation work.”Carly Butler, lead researcher on the study, said the benefits of reduced anxiety and stronger connectedness with nature were the same whether people just carried out one 15-minute count or did so multiple times. Dr Butler added that participants felt motivated to help butterflies and nature by doing things such as making their gardens butterfly-friendly.Why were people encouraged to participate in the Big Butterfly Count?

Passage FiveCounting butterflies can reduce anxiety and boost a sense of connection with nature, a study has found. Researchers surveyed participants in the Big Butterfly Count in 2022, in which wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation encouraged people to spend 15 minutes outside counting butterflies to help scientists track how the insects were faring. Surveys completed by 382 people before and after the three-week count period revealed a 9 per cent reduction in anxiety among participants, and a greater sense of connection with nature, as well as noticing butterflies and nature more.Further surveys completed by 345 people, which were sent five weeks after the count, did not find nature connectedness and reduced anxiety had been maintained. But they revealed an increase in general wellbeing compared with before the project. The research, published in the journal *Biological Conservation*, was carried out by Butterfly Conservation and the University of Derby.The surveys revealed people had a range of positive and negative emotions associated with taking part, ranging from joy and fascination to sadness and concern about declining insects. Richard Fox, head of science at Butterfly Conservation, said, “This study is the first to prove that the simple act of looking for and counting butterflies leads to a decrease in anxiety. The results suggest that citizen science projects can play a part in improving people’s mental health, as well as gathering important data on how butterflies are faring to inform our conservation work.”Carly Butler, lead researcher on the study, said the benefits of reduced anxiety and stronger connectedness with nature were the same whether people just carried out one 15-minute count or did so multiple times. Dr Butler added that participants felt motivated to help butterflies and nature by doing things such as making their gardens butterfly-friendly.What did further surveys find?

Passage FiveCounting butterflies can reduce anxiety and boost a sense of connection with nature, a study has found. Researchers surveyed participants in the Big Butterfly Count in 2022, in which wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation encouraged people to spend 15 minutes outside counting butterflies to help scientists track how the insects were faring. Surveys completed by 382 people before and after the three-week count period revealed a 9 per cent reduction in anxiety among participants, and a greater sense of connection with nature, as well as noticing butterflies and nature more.Further surveys completed by 345 people, which were sent five weeks after the count, did not find nature connectedness and reduced anxiety had been maintained. But they revealed an increase in general wellbeing compared with before the project. The research, published in the journal *Biological Conservation*, was carried out by Butterfly Conservation and the University of Derby.The surveys revealed people had a range of positive and negative emotions associated with taking part, ranging from joy and fascination to sadness and concern about declining insects. Richard Fox, head of science at Butterfly Conservation, said, “This study is the first to prove that the simple act of looking for and counting butterflies leads to a decrease in anxiety. The results suggest that citizen science projects can play a part in improving people’s mental health, as well as gathering important data on how butterflies are faring to inform our conservation work.”Carly Butler, lead researcher on the study, said the benefits of reduced anxiety and stronger connectedness with nature were the same whether people just carried out one 15-minute count or did so multiple times. Dr Butler added that participants felt motivated to help butterflies and nature by doing things such as making their gardens butterfly-friendly.What were people concerned about according to the surveys?

Passage FiveCounting butterflies can reduce anxiety and boost a sense of connection with nature, a study has found. Researchers surveyed participants in the Big Butterfly Count in 2022, in which wildlife charity Butterfly Conservation encouraged people to spend 15 minutes outside counting butterflies to help scientists track how the insects were faring. Surveys completed by 382 people before and after the three-week count period revealed a 9 per cent reduction in anxiety among participants, and a greater sense of connection with nature, as well as noticing butterflies and nature more.Further surveys completed by 345 people, which were sent five weeks after the count, did not find nature connectedness and reduced anxiety had been maintained. But they revealed an increase in general wellbeing compared with before the project. The research, published in the journal *Biological Conservation*, was carried out by Butterfly Conservation and the University of Derby.The surveys revealed people had a range of positive and negative emotions associated with taking part, ranging from joy and fascination to sadness and concern about declining insects. Richard Fox, head of science at Butterfly Conservation, said, “This study is the first to prove that the simple act of looking for and counting butterflies leads to a decrease in anxiety. The results suggest that citizen science projects can play a part in improving people’s mental health, as well as gathering important data on how butterflies are faring to inform our conservation work.”Carly Butler, lead researcher on the study, said the benefits of reduced anxiety and stronger connectedness with nature were the same whether people just carried out one 15-minute count or did so multiple times. Dr Butler added that participants felt motivated to help butterflies and nature by doing things such as making their gardens butterfly-friendly.What can people do to help butterflies and nature according to the last paragraph?

学生会打算举办一场旧书交换活动。请你给全校同学写一份通知,内容包括:- 旧书交换的好处(如培养节约习惯,增强环保意识等);- 旧书交换活动的时间及地点;- 可以交换的旧书类别(如课本、小说等);- 号召大家积极参与。